4. The Hybrid Execution Layer

Frogment distinguishes itself from other Layer 2s by utilizing a Hybrid Execution Model. We recognize that not all transactions require the same level of decentralization at the exact moment of execution.

4.1 Dual-Lane Processing

Frogment splits transaction processing into two distinct lanes based on the asset type and user intent.

A. The Fast Lane (Off-Chain Sequencer)

• Target: Stablecoin transfers, Merchant payments, High-frequency trading pairs.

• Mechanism:

  1. User signs a transaction intended for the Sequencer.

  2. The Frogment Sequencer executes the state change in an isolated, high-performance in-memory database.

  3. Soft Finality: The user receives a confirmation in < 50ms. This acts as a guarantee that the transaction will be included in the next batch.

  4. Benefits: Zero latency, effectively zero cost variance.

B. The Settlement Lane (On-Chain Anchoring)

• Target: Complex DeFi interactions requiring composability with Solana L1 state, Large-scale settlements.

• Mechanism:

  1. The Sequencer aggregates thousands of Fast Lane transactions into a Compressed Batch.

  2. This batch is cryptographically proven and posted to the Solana L1 via the Frogment Anchor Program.

  3. Hard Finality: Inherited from Solana’s block finality (~400ms - few seconds).

4.2 State Synchronization

To ensure the off-chain state matches the on-chain reality, Frogment uses a State Root Checkpointing system.

Every batch submission updates the global state root on Solana. If the Sequencer attempts to post an invalid state (e.g., spending non-existent funds), the Fraud Proof System (detailed in Page 8) allows Verifiers to challenge and slash the Sequencer.

Note: For the end-user paying for coffee, "Soft Finality" is sufficient. For a bank settling millions, "Hard Finality" on Solana provides the ultimate trust anchor.